-Indications for Minimally Invasive Procedures:

  • Laparoscopy:

    • General Surgical Exploratory
    • J-tube placement
    • Biopsy of masses
    • Biopsy of Liver, Spleen, Pancreas, & Kidney
    • Full Thickness Intestinal Biopsy
    • Diagnosis & Staging of malignancies
    • Unexplained abdominal effusion
    • Gallbladder Aspiration

        •  NOTE:  Can reveal metastatic lesions 0.5cm or less

    • Cystoscopy:

      • Recurrent/persistent urinary tract infection
      • Hematuria
      • Stranguria
      • Pollakiuria
      • Urinary incontinence
      • Alteration of urinary stream
      • Trauma
      • Cystic or urethral calculi
      • Neoplastic cells in sediment
      • Abnormal radiographic findings
      • Abnormal ultrasound findings

    • Gastrointestinal Endoscopy:

      • Dysphagia
      • Regurgitation
      • Chronic Vomiting
      • Hematemesis
      • Melena
      • Anorexia
      • Chronic Diarrhea
      • Hematochezia
      • Fecal Mucus
      • Tenesmus
      • Esophageal or Gastric Foreign Bodies
      • Esophageal Strictures
      • Placement of PEG Tubes

    • Rhinoscopy:

      • Nasal discharge
      • Nasal obstruction
      • Chronic sneezing
      • Epistaxis
      • Facial distortion
      • Nasal pain
      • Acute severe sneezing
      • Reverse sneezing
      • Abnormal radiographs
      • Suspected foreign body

    • Bronchoscopy:

      • Chronic Coughing
      • Pulmonary neoplasia
      • Suspected tracheal collapse or other dynamic airway diseases
      • Abnormal radiographic findings
      • Stridor and other abnormal breathing patterns
      • Foreign body